There are three principles.
Avoidance That means choosing to package so that there is as little waste as possible or the packaging can be recycled. Plastic and garbage nine innovative solutions for recycling and alternatives availability of cheap plastic made it easier to manufacture and package consumer goods, prices fell, and demand rose.
Recycling The waste should be turned into something usable, either energy through, for example, incineration (energetic recycling) or by making something new from it, e.g. granulate made of plastic (material recycling).
Disposal Anything that cannot be used reused recycled must is disposed of environmentally friendly.
The packaging ordinance defines a few terms differently:
Packaging everything in which there is a commodity and what the trade or the seller may keep.
Retail packaging The packaging in which the customer takes the goods home (e.g. corn flakes pack)
Outer packaging Additional packaging around the packaging, e.g. the film around chewing gum packs or large packs
Transport packaging The packaging that is used to transport the goods, e.g. lattice box pallets
Reusable packaging is used several times for the same purpose and is usually subject to a deposit.
Composite packaging in which several different materials are inextricably linked, e.g. tetra packs
Long lasting packaging that is designed for long-term use, e.g. CD cases
Empty packaging the contents of which have been removed and where at most small residues are still attached
Packaging with contents containing hazardous substances, e.g. toner cartridges
The distinction is important because the Packaging Ordinance provides for various take-back obligations for the distributor (or manufacturer):
Transport packaging must be taken back by the manufacturer and distributor and reused or recycled.
The outer packaging must be removed before delivery to the end-user, or the end user must be allowed to return them on site free of charge.
Sales packaging must be taken back.
The Dual System USA (DSD) was introduced to facilitate the take back obligation, especially for sales packaging. If you join this, you pay in advance for the return and disposal of the packaging, and this prepayment is marked with a green dot. There is the pickup system at the Green Dot, i.e. the garbage is picked up (yellow sack, yellow bin), and there is the bring system, which means that bins are set up to which the garbage can be brought.
Packaging Costs
Although it is not expressly regulated by law, according to the common reading, the buyer bears the costs of the shipping packaging, the seller the rest, unless otherwise contractually regulated. You can then make all kinds of contractual agreements. Unless otherwise stated in the contract, the packaging must not be included in the price, only the net price of the goods.
The packaging costs are made up of:
Machine costs wear and tear (depreciation), repair maintenance, space costs, energy costs, interest on the capital invested.
Material costs Acquisition costs for packaging materials and packaging aids, space costs, disposal costs, costs for stickers and the like.
Labor costs wages for labor time in packaging, disposal and procurement
Depending on what is packaged, the cost of packaging can be up to 50% of the total value.
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